Pablo Neruda Essay -- Poet Poetry

The Fickle One?On his birthday in July of 1954, Pablo Neruda confessed to the University of chilly that it is worthwhile to have struggled and sung, it is worthwhile to have lived because I have loved (Neruda 331). In nearly each(prenominal) of his works, Neruda attests to the simplicity, valor, and importance of love, whether for country, common things, or another homo being. Throughout South America, he was known as un poeta del pueblo, a poet of the people, and his talent for composing such passionate verses propelled him to Nobel Laureate status. In a collection promulgated in 1972, he exemplifies his mastery of language by entwining his own passionate love life with an admiration for nature, producing realistic, yet mystical expressions of devotion. In The Fickle One, the origin creates a paradox confirming that the personas sincere affection transcends the physical attraction and lust by which he initially appears imprisoned. Furthermore, Neruda presents an opposition by di viding the poem into parallel halves, demanding that even the receptive reader peruse the poem more than once to discern the genuine meaning of the experience that the text conveys.Neruda, with much(prenominal) attention to detail and manipulation of language, demonstrates the personas inability to control his human, sexual nature, causing the reader to disapprove of him. By stating, My eyes went away from me, he conjures a persona with eyes that are disconnected from the rest of his body, as though they are a separate entity, acting against the will of the brain, bones, and heart. Seemingly, he desires all the females that pass by him. He gazes longingly at each woman while absorbing all their physical details, corroborating the notion that the only qualitie... ...eruda accentuates the personas eternal faithfulness to the third female. The persona, though he may be fickle in his thoughts and cravings, is steadfast in this fidelity. In fact, the personas contumacious integrity le nds irony to the title of the poem. His flaws are those of the common man, yet he proves the maturity of his affection by honestly admitting his shortcomings. His true love is the paramount lodge in in his life, and it is through the characterization of the persona in The Fickle One that Neruda demonstrates that the struggle that is love makes life worthwhile. Works CitedNeruda, Pablo. The Fickle One. Discovering Literature Stories, Poems, and Plays. 2nd edition. Eds. Hans P. Guth and Gabriele L. Rico. top(prenominal) Saddle River Blair Press, 1997. 735-6.Neruda, Pablo. Passions and Impressions. New York Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1984.

International Style Essay examples -- essays papers

outside(a) title worldwide way of life is an architectural style that developed in Europe and the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. This style became the dominant tendency for western architecture in the later twentieth century. Common characteristics of International style buildings are rectangular forms that make water been completely stripped of applied ornamentation and decoration, visually weightless qualities, open interior spaces, and an overwhelming association with geometry. Glass, steel, and reinforced concrete are the characteristic materials of construction. The International style grew from three phenomena that architects had to deal with An incorporating mix of decorative elements from different architectual periods that had little or no relation to the buildings functions, the development and use of iron, steel, glass, and reinforced concrete, and the economical creation of large numbers of office buildings. These three phenomena basically outlined the sea rch for an economical utilitarian architecture, an architecture that would use the new materials and politic appeal to aesthetical taste. Technology was key in this transition from tradition. The availability of cheap mass-produced iron and steel ultimately rendered masonry construction obsolete. The International Style was thus formed under the dictates that modern buildingsform and appearance should naturally grow out of and express the potentialities of their materials and structural engineering. A harmony between delicious expression, function, and technology would thus be established in an austere and disciplined new architecture. The International Style grew from a small group of brilliant and accredited architects who went on to achieve greatness in their field. The major figures include Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe of Germany. Gropius and Mies were best known for their structures containing glass curtain walls spanning steel girders that would form the skeleton of the building.Walter Gropius (1883-1969) was in 1919 appointed to director of the Grand Ducal Saxon School of Arts and Crafts, Academy of Arts, and School of Arts which were immediately joined as the Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar (Public Bauhaus Weimar).It was at this school that Gropius taught plan principles. He saw architecture as ever changing, related to the contemporary world.... ...roblems. From the Greeks use of pillars for support and decoration (which have influenced architectural style since that time), to the medieval construction of castles (which saw the problems with masonry and brick solved). With the advent of steel and cast-iron a new architectural age became. With lighter, larger, and taller capabilities, the way our society looked, would never be the same. As American architects learned the principles of the new architecture, the name International Style was formed as a European-American hybrid. The name came in turn from a book called Internat ional Architecture by Walter Gropius. The underlying principles of the International style, sheerness, being plain, and flatness are filled with difficulties. Maintenance and weathering make it difficult to create an ideal, yet buildings that fit this translation are seen in cities throughout the United States and world. In postmodern architecture classical orders have been reintroduced as one of a number of contrasting design methods, so that the late 20th century architecture attempted to include historical references in its design and approach and was characterized by a new aesthetic pluralism.

The Skeletal System Essay -- essays research papers

Chapter 7I.Bone StructureA.Bone Classification1.4 Classes Long, Short, flat and irregular2. employment of a long prink- forearm and thigh get up.3.Short castanets are shaped like cubes4.Ex. Of short rises are in wrists and ankle bones5. instantly bones are platelike structures6.Ex of Flat bones are platelike structures7.Irregular bones vary in size8.Irregular bones vary in size9.Examples of irregular bones are those of the vertebra and some facial bones10.Round bones are also called sesamoid bones i.They are small and modular and embedded in tendonsii.Example is the patella (kneecap)B.Parts of a long bone1. An expanded end of a long bone is an epiphysis2.An epiphysis articulates with another bone3.articulary Cartilage is located on the epiphysis 4.The shaft of a long bone is called a diaphysis5.Periosteum functions t multifariousness and repair bone weave6.Periosteum is a tough, vascular, fibrous membrane covering the diaphysis of a bone7.Processes provide sites for attachme nt of tendons or ligaments8.The wall of the diaphysis is composed of compact bone9.Compact bone has no gaps10.Ephiphysis is composed of spongy bone11.Spongy bone consists of bony plates called trabeculae12.A bone is composed of spongy and compact bone13.A canal called the medullary cavity runs through the diaphysis14.The endosteum lines this cavity and spaces of the spongy bone15.Endosteum contains bone forming cells16.The tissue that fills the spaces of the bone is called marrow17.&nb... ...ome osteocytes11.Periosteum comes from cells of the primitive conncective tissue that persist outside of the create bone.12.Compact bone is formed by osteoblasts on the inside of periosteum13.Intramembranous ossification is the process if replacing connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone.D.Endochondral Bones1.Most of the bones are these types of bone2.They develop as masses of hyaline cartilage3.Eventually the cartilage decompses forming periosteum from connective tissue that encirc les that developing structure4.Blood vessels and undifferentiated connective tissue cells invade the disintegrating tissue5.Some of these cells become osteoblasts6.Ostoeblasts form the spongy bone in the spaces previously housed by cartilage7.Endochondral ossification is the process of forming an endochondral bone by the replacement of hyaline cartilage.

Psychology of Homer Simpson Essay -- essays research papers

homer Jay Simpson, the patriarch of the Simpson household on the Fox series The Simpsons is a childish, lazy man, whose hobbies include eating donuts, drinking Duff Beer, watching television, and sleeping. A victim of the Simpsons gene which allows for only Simpson women to possess the trait of intelligence, Homer is regrettably as dumb as a chimp according to his father, Abe Simpson. However, it is mainly through the analysis of his simplistic thoughts and nature, that one can gain a existing perspective on Homers complex personality.Spending most of his time in high school smoking, drinking beer, and getting into trouble, (He even met his wife, Marge, sequence serving detention.) Homers lack of motivation for achievement grew with him into adulthood. The fat, balding character ends up working in Sector 7G of the Springfield Nuclear condition Plant, where he holds the record for most years worked at an entry level position. Even in the opening credits of the show, he is seen n egligently tossing aside radioactive waste as the whistle blows to end the workday. In addition to his laziness at work, his sloth is also displayed in his free time where he is seen both lounging on his couch while indulging in donuts and watching anything that comes on television or drinking at Moes Tavern with his lifelong friends, Barney, Carl, Lenny, and Moe.Homers mind operates in terms of Freuds pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification of desires, regardless of the consequences....

Essay example --

Napoleon Bonaparte was a bewildering man of many achievements. He attended military school at the age of nine, and joined the French military when he was sixteen. His mother was named Letizia, and his father was named Carlos. He had seven siblings, named Joseph, Lucien, Elise, Louis, Pauline, Caroline, and Jerome. He also supported the revolution, which led to him attending several places during the initial part of the new wars. He became renowned after shielding the Nation Convention in 1795. One of his more significant feats was that he led effective campaigns against Austria, Sardinia, and Italy. As in brief as other people became aware of his accomplishments, he very quickly became known as the General.His earlier military occupation included the Italian Campaigns from 1796-1797, he dominated most of northern Italy for France, and had established a liking for leading. Another triumph from his early military career was the Egyptian Campaign. In 1798, he was thwarted by a Britis h navy, which was under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson, who devastated the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. Discarding his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a champions welcome.In 1796, Napoleon got married to Josephine. But by 1799, the dishonesty of the Directory along with the dwindling war effort against the Second Coalition remaining the government open for assaults. Napoleon was put in control of the military on November 9, 1799. The next day, he and his military took control by overtaking the government, which then(prenominal) decided to end the Directory. The Directory was swapped with three consuls, and Napoleon was elected First Consul.With the government in disorder, Napoleon launched a successful coup d et... ... European leadership at the Congress of Vienna tried to reestablish order and reestablish peace.The champions (mainly the alliance of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain) restored the French boundaries of 1792 and the Bourbon dynasty. They made other modifications in the boundaries of Europe, founding Prussia as a sentinel against France, and produced a new kingdom out of Belgium and Holland. It was understood that the notion of the stability of power would preserve peace in Europe.But the demands of the conquerors, specially the Prussians and the Russians, for reimbursement threatened the balance. The Russian demands for Poland and the Prussian wish for Saxony led to conflict among the powers. Castlereagh, Metternich, and Talleyrand forced Russia and Prussia into a compromise whereby Russia got part of Poland and Prussia received two-fifths of Saxony.

Essay example --

sleep Bonaparte was a bewildering man of many achievements. He go to military school at the age of nine, and joined the French military when he was sixteen. His mother was named Letizia, and his father was named Carlos. He had seven siblings, named Joseph, Lucien, Elise, Louis, Pauline, Caroline, and Jerome. He also support the revolution, which led to him attending several places during the initial part of the revolutionary wars. He became renowned after shielding the Nation Convention in 1795. One of his more than significant feats was that he led effective campaigns against Austria, Sardinia, and Italy. As soon as other people became aware of his accomplishments, he very quickly became known as the General.His earlier military occupation included the Italian Campaigns from 1796-1797, he dominated most of northern Italy for France, and had established a liking for leading. Another triumph from his aboriginal military career was the Egyptian Campaign. In 1798, he was defeated by a British navy, which was under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson, who devastated the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. Discarding his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a champions welcome.In 1796, Napoleon got married to Josephine. But by 1799, the dishonesty of the Directory along with the dwindling war effort against the Second Coalition left the government open for assaults. Napoleon was put in control of the military on November 9, 1799. The conterminous day, he and his military took control by overtaking the government, which then decided to end the Directory. The Directory was swapped with three consuls, and Napoleon was elected First Consul.With the government in disorder, Napoleon launched a successful coup d et... ... European leaders at the Congress of Vienna tried to reestablish order and reestablish peace.The champions (mainly the alliance of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and considerable Britain) restored the French boundaries of 1792 and the Bourbon dynasty. They made other modifications in the boundaries of Europe, founding Prussia as a sentinel against France, and produced a new kingdom out of Belgium and Holland. It was understood that the notion of the perceptual constancy of power would preserve peace in Europe.But the demands of the conquerors, especially the Prussians and the Russians, for reimbursement threatened the balance. The Russian demands for Poland and the Prussian wish for Saxony led to conflict among the powers. Castlereagh, Metternich, and Talleyrand forced Russia and Prussia into a compromise whereby Russia got part of Poland and Prussia received two-fifths of Saxony.

Assignment About Google Essay

The top dog requires the school-age child to evaluate how successful Nintendo Wii has been in meeting the needs of todays gaming through new product development. The resolving power here is dependent on the students ability to analyse and evaluate the case study. The students are expected to make reference to retail merchandise mix in their answer. Students answer should include the following or different equivalent answers Considerations when developing new product strategy i. Ongoing Corporate be after ii. Ongoing Market Planning iii. Ongoing Technology Management iv. Opportunity Analysis/Serendipity . Market Penetration vi. Market Development vii. Product Development viii. diversification Application of Pearsons Uncertainty Map i. Exploratory Research ii. Development Engineering iii. Applications Engineering iv. Combining Market Opportunities Question 2 Based on the case study, how can Nintendo Wii better manage innovation as a competitive tool in the field of developmenta l gaming? Answer The question requires the student to identify organization characteristics and further recommend organization changes to facilitate innovation process within Nintendo Wii.The answer here is dependent on the students ability to analyse and give reason for choosing any relevant issues. The organization characteristics that facilitate the innovation process, students answer should include the following or other equivalent answers i. Growth orientation ii. Vigilance and external links iii. Commitment to technology and R&D intensity iv. Acceptance of risks v. Cross execute cooperation and coordination within the organization structure vi. Receptivity to change vii. Space for creativity viii. Strategy towards innovation ix. Diverse range of skills Question 1 Percentage dry land of the case should be clearly discussed. 15% 2 Feasible application should be discussed in depth 15% 3 Identify the multi-dimensional concept of bollix glass technology. 10% 4 Use of pro per language, grammar, referencing, and acknowledgement of external sources 10% join 50% Question 2 1 Explain the dilemma, select the difficulties of managing uncertainty. 20% 2 Answers should be justified and must be logical and critical. 20% 3 Use of proper language, grammar, referencing, and acknowledgement of external sources 10% Total 50% Marking Scheme

Volcanic and Seismic Events Are Major Pieces of Evidence Towards

Volcanic and seismic events atomic number 18 major pieces of state towards proving that the place tectonic theory is valid Discuss the extent to which you agree with this control (40). The theory of musical scale tectonics explains the structure and motion of the Earths lithosphere. The theory states that the Earths sauciness is split into large sections called tectonic plates, and these snuff it relative to one another creating boundaries at which the plates converge, diverge or move past each other.These plates ar either continental or oceanic and are powered by convection currents, which is the circular movement of magma that comes from within the mantle. These currents are powered by the core, which heats the magma, causing it to rise, cool and fall back down. This circular motion causes the plates, which shoot a line on the mantle, to move. In 1912, Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, was the first man to state that the continents were once joined in a super conti nent called Pangaea, conversely he couldnt explain why and what happened to cause the plates to move apart.He based his theory on the extraordinary fit of the South American and African continent coastlines. notably the eastern edge of South America and the western edge of Africa showed very similar geological features suggesting that at some point in the Earths history the landmasses were joined together. Another indicator that the continents were once distri scarceed differently was geological evidence of glaciations in India it is unlikely that glaciers could ever reach such low latitudes, but this problem can easily be explained by the theory of continental drift.Fossil distribution also provided some of the earliest evidence for plate tectonics. Interestingly, plant and wildcat fossils were found on the matching coastlines of South America and Africa. These are now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean, therefore he reasoned that is physically impossible for most of these or ganisms to have swum or have been transported across the wide oceans. From this he suggested that the plates were once connected. Unfortunately, at the time of Wegners work many of the geophysical tools that are used today did not exist making the theory much more difficult to support.Since the original theory in 1912, newer evidence has appeared which supports the theory. In 1962 Hess studied the age of rocks around the mid-Atlantic ridge. He discovered that the newest rocks were closest to the ridge and the oldest were towards the USA and Caribbean. He therefore reasoned that the earths encrustation was expanding along the oceanic ridges, so it must be shrinking elsewhere. According to Hess, the Atlantic Ocean was expanding while the Pacific Ocean was shrinking. The old oceanic crust was consumed in the trenches causing new magma to rise and erupt along the spreading ridges to form a new crust.He explained why the earth doesnt get bigger with sea floor spreading and why there is so little sediment accumulation on the ocean floor, and why oceanic rocks are so much younger than continental ones. Paleomagnetism is one of the strongest pieces of evidence for plate tectonic theory and was developed to convince scientists of the theories validity. Basalt lava forms volcanoes when it rises to the surface, cools and then forms land. When new crust is formed sure minerals align themselves with the Earths magnetic field.Fascinatingly, new technology has shown that the magnetic field of the Earth is known to reverse every few hundred potassium years. So this implies new material is constantly being produced and the sea floor is spreading. However, as the Earth is not changing in size, material is being sunk in other areas which are called subduction zones, and the position of the Earths crust must be constantly changing. Seismic activity can also sort us a great deal about plate tectonics. Plotting the locations of large earthquakes allows us to see where they mos t frequently occur.Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. The plates move past each other which causes friction causing pressure to build up resulting in sudden jolts. This only happens on plate boundaries consequence areas that lie on them experience the most intense earthquakes. The fact that earthquakes appear in connected lines as opposed to clusters is good evidence for the theory of ball-shaped plate tectonics. Volcanic events are also useful as they provide good evidence for the theory of plate tectonics.Similarly to earthquakes, plotting the locations of active volcanoes on a map out of the world will also be useful as it will show a similar pattern. The three main places where volcanoes are created are at subduction zones, constructive plate boundaries and in hotspots, with around 75% of the worlds volcanoes being located on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The area where cardinal plates converge is called a subduction zone, here one plate is pushed undern eath the other due to differing in density. This results in magma rising up to form volcanoes or volcanic island arcs.At constructive plate boundaries, new material is created by magma rising through the crack. The fact that volcanoes in certain areas have different types of eruption provides good evidence for plate tectonic theory. All the above reasons suggest that the theory is valid. However, there are some anomalies which go against the theory. Not all volcanoes occur on plate boundaries, some occur on hotspots which are areas where the mantle is particularly hot, causing it to rise and create volcanoes on the crust above.This suggests that plate tectonics theory may not be valid as volcanoes can exist without the theory being correct. Hawaii is a notable example of an active hotspot the islands are volcanic yet lie in the middle of the Pacific plate. It is part of a chain of extinct volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean which devolve in both age and size as you move north-w est. Since the hotspot is created by the underlying mantle this suggests that the crust is moving over this hotspot meaning the volcanoes eventually become extinct and eroded away.Since Wegeners first theory, there is now a great deal of evidence to support the theory of plate tectonics. Seismic and volcanic events can provide lots of evidence to support the theory, although much of it requires tools which were not available when the theory was first developed such as accurate methods of mapping earthquakes. This made it difficult to prove the theory of plate tectonics as there were no hard facts. Although others may disagree, there are large amounts of evidence to prove the theory and so in my opinion the theory is a valid method.

Case Study-Cooper Tire and Rubber Company Essay

Introduction make wash up & Rubber Company, founded in 1914, specializes in the manufacturing and market placeing of rubber returns for consumers. Products include automobile, truck and motorcycle conk outs, inner tubes, NVH control systems, self-propelling sealing, and fluid delivery systems.(http//www.cooper fatigue.com/about/).The case study on make mainly concentrates on the tire manufacturing, andTherefore the wining analysis will be based on this.barrel maker Tire & Rubber co. has enjoyed much growth and strong returns. However, with intense competition and developments in hot technology, make must fol broken suite to maintain competitive advantage by balancing efficiency with make up specific eithery in the Replacement Tire Industry. To set the right strategies it is principal(prenominal) for Cooper to first analyse the external environment, both on a macro and micro basis, and then assess the resources and capabilities/competences in order to build up a detailed o verview of the social club.The External EnvironmentThe Macro environment PEST frameworkPolitical/Legal AnalysisThe groundwork of NAFTA and GATT has created sore opportunities for tire manufacturers for the supply of brazen labour. Companies target reduce their costs by producing their tires in low-cost labour countries such as Mexico.The foreign trade sub zone status, which reduces the ships companys duty payments on imported raw materials, benefit smaller companies like Cooper greatly as it allows them to compete on an international level with comparatively smaller budgets.The tire market is a heavily unionised industry, by URW the industrys union. Over the last years the union has won, after immense strikes, attachd wages and benefits for workers.EconomicalThe industry as a whole is influenced by the economic imply for vehicles, this is characterised by the strength of the economy and the disposable incomes of the consumers.The archaeozoic 90s recession had a major effec t on the industry. The decline in the motorcar industry meant that the competition for replacement tires increased, whilst the original equipment demand fell. This resulted in many companies diversifying into the replacement market in a bid to compete.The gasoline prices have an effect on the tire industry, due to the number of miles driven by drivers. After many years with fluctuating gasoline price, the price is now reasonable and stable.SocialIn the tire industry, the standard of living has a direct effect on the demand for tires. An example of this is found in the sub urbanisation of the US community, which resulted in more wear and tear on tires, thus a need to change tires.In addition to this the transport industry, buses, taxis, and trucks were proving more popular than the rail system, thus increasing the demand for tires.Vehicle owners atomic number 18 often reluctant to spend money on replacement tires, as they do not want to spend money on an old car with the ambition to purchase a new vehicle in the short term. This social attitude has lead to low-cost tire producers being more engaging in the replacement tire market.TechnologyCustomers in the OE market often set special requirements for tires. Due to improved technology, the companies can easier produce products tailored to customers needs.The introduction of new technology has in like manner lead to companies being able to produce new, better quality products at low costs. This has lead to the importance in having the la analyze technologic equipment in order to compete in the market.The Microenvironment Porters Five Forces ModelThreat of Entry by Potential CompetitorsNew entrants in this industry may be deterred to enter the industry, due to the high fixed cost investments needed in plants and equipment. The incumbent companies have also achieved economies of scale through mount production and production know-how as they have moved down the learning-curve.The station loyalty is quite mod erate, merely consumers do not face any cost in the eventuality they decide to switch from an incumbent manufacturer to a new entrant. When considering all these factors as barriers to entry, the barriers to entry for new competitors would be moderate/high. contender among established companiesThe OE market is highly consolidated with Goodyear, Michelin and Bridgestone dominating the slightly growing market. The competition is fierce, and the players in the market compete mainly on price and product technology differentiation.The replacement market is more fragmented, and cost reduction is used as thekey competitive strategy.In both markets, competitive structure results in more rivalry as tire manufacturing companies have to fight to maintain revenues and market sh atomic number 18s.The exit barriers present in the industry lock incumbent companies from sledding the industry when profits be low. Main barriers argon the investment in plants and equipments, pensions and insurance for workers.The competitive structure and the high exit barriers show clearly that the rivalry among established companies is fairly high.Power Of BuyersIn the OE market, the buyers are the automobile and truck manufacturers that buy tires in large quantity and are relatively few compared to the tire companies. They have the possibility to switch orders from one supplier to an different in order to get the most convenient deal (quality products at low prices). As for tire manufacturers loosing one single buyer would mean loosing a large market share, and therefore the might of buyers is high.In the tire replacement market, the buyers consist of unconditional tire dealers, service stations, major department stores and automobile dealerships. Independent dealers are the most powerful retail channels as they satisfy almost 66 percent of the replacement market and have been proved to have the ability to influence customers choice, they will have the power to agree convenient deals wi th tire manufacturers. However, the power of retail channels is fairly low, as they buy in relatively small quantity secondly and the tire firms can easily switch to other solutions such as manufactured-owned retail stores or simply other dealers.Power of SuppliersThe power of suppliers of raw material is low. The main reason is that all of the raw materials are commodities, available in bulk from a variety ofsources on world markets. Therefore, tire manufacturers can easily switch from one source to another. Furthermore, tire firms can eventually vertically (backward) integrate the swear outes to obtain the raw materials they need. On the other render, it would be less likely for suppliers to threat tire manufacturers forward integrating into tire manufacturing as they would have to face the high barriers to entry the industry.ComplementsThe demand and profitability of the tire industry depends critically on the oil and auto/truck manufacturing industry. overthrow gasoline prices increase the number of miles driven by vehicles, which lead to more wear and tear on tires and an increasing demand for replacement tires. If the number of new cars sold declines, it agent that drivers are holding on to their cars longer, and the demand for replacement tires increases. The demand for OE tires is directly related to the number of new vehicles produced and sold. The number of new vehicles produced oecumenical has been stable the last years.SubstitutesThe retread tire market segment is a substitute of the replacement tire manufacturing industry, because it serves a similar consumer need. However, the retread market is not a threat to the tire industry anymore. In 1996 the sales of retread tires started declining, due to the fact that buyers could purchase new, more reliable tires for a slightly increase in the price.Coopers resources, competences and competitive/business strategyAs Hill & Hones argue, a distinctive competency is unique strength that allows a company to achieve superior efficiency, quality, innovation or customer responsiveness and thereby to create superior foster and attain a competitive advantage.Cooper with its distinctive competencies is achieving substantial low costs compared to that of its rivals through its key resources and capabilities.Key resources and competencesIntangible Resources and CompetencesA key intangible resource has been identified through Coopers distribution. This involves Coopers descent with its wholesalers as it sells half of its production as a private label to store-chains, mass merchants and discounters, while the other half is sold under the Cooper brand through independent tire dealers. Cooper has achieved superior customer responsiveness by developing a good relationship with their distributors through valuing them instead of competing against them.Coopers inventory system is a key resource that has helped them in cut costs even further, when using the capability of buying ahead to get cheap er deals.Cooper has the competence of bringing their products quickly to the market by outstanding service to the distribution channel with an efficient automated material handling system.Cooper knows that it is pointless to compete against the largest players in the market like Michelin and Bridgestone when it comes to R&D. Instead they copy and imitate the largest companies. Instead of pioneering its own design, the company often waits to see what sells rise. In addition, Cooper use their efficient technologic manufacturing equipment so they can produce products at higher standards tailored to meet customers requirements.Cooper also concentrates on implementing new ideas, and innovation is developed through the manufacturing of new production lines. This no frills approach of manufacturing its products, aided by product innovation leads to reduced costs. Cooper has a low marketing expenditure, compared to their competitors. They focus their marketing and promotional strategy towa rds their most important customers, which are dealers and distributors.The TQM (Total Quality Management) ConceptGorr, chief executive of Cooper supports the TQM concept, and argues that the companys corporate philosophy is to produce pry and quality, as defined by the customer. Top quality management is an intangible resource, which gives them the capability to produce products that are superior to their competitors. It also creates efficient production methods while delivering excellent service to its distribution channel. This is represented in their strategic Cooper 21 plan. Cross-functional teams have also been developed within the organisation, where employee skills and know how can be easily switched from department to department.The decision making although undertaken by management were made in consultation with all members of the company, as employees implement ideas in the most effective way. Cooper is therefore capable of developing and producing tires at a lower cost re lative to those of its competitors. In addition Coopers innovative compensation system where by wages rise or fall due to the individuals performance further contributes to demand and overall productivity. An effective measure of efficiency is employee productivity, and Cooper is much more efficient than their competitors (see Appendix 1). Coopers, recruitment process in aid with its screening test is also designed to team players, which is designed to identify people with the right attitude to fit the job.This improved quality maintained by Cooper means that costs decrease because of less rework, fewer mistakes, fewer delays, and batter use of time and materials. Consequently productivity improves as better quality leads to higher market share (Hill and Jones, Strategic Management, 2001).Tangible ResourcesCoopers plants located in small towns and Mexico are one of its key tangible resources. Its plants have provided the company with cheaper resources including plants and labour. W hen Cooper want to expand its capacity, buying old plants and refurbishing them are very cheap. This tangible resource has helped cooper to create superior efficiency of resources as it permit to take out savings over the company.Coopers own designed equipment is a valuable tangible resource for the company. Its own production equipment meet better the companys own needs and specifications than commercial equipment. Coopers custom machines have helped to create superior efficiency and productivity in the production process by increasing production capacity at a reduced time. Its computer technology has not only enabled Cooper to keep up with its competitors but also reduced its costs.Contribution of Key Resources and Competences to the Value ChainTo gain competitive advantage on its competitors, Cooper Tire focuses its strategy on what are its key resources and capabilities. It is really about maximising and concentrating all the key strengths of the different organisations primary and support activities, as represented in the value chain diagram.One of the strongest advantage for Cooper Tire is its ability to produce good quality tires at low cost, and this is the result of a winning combine of key resources such us technological machinery and key capabilities such as low-cost production know how and an efficient product distribution. In terms of value chain Cooper Tire creates its value with an efficient and consistent production, marketing and sales activities and at the same time with a well-organized company infrastructure.For these reasons Cooper Tire pursues a cost-leadership competitive/business strategy that will enable the company to maximise profit and expand. As Hill & Jones stated A strategy is an implement a company takes to attain one or more of its goals/(superior performance). Therefore, once established that Coopers goals are to produce good quality products at the lowest costs possible, maximise profit and expand the company, therefore th e strategy will consist of the actions taken to achieve these goals.One of the main resources that contributes to Coopers low-cost strategy isthe companys cheap plants and labour.In particular, as Cooper operates mainly in the replacement tire market where it is not spanking to pioneer in product innovation and design, its competitive/business strategy is mainly based on a low level of product differentiation. real little is invested in product R&D and tires designs and characteristics are adapted in relations to other companies already successful products. On the other hand much more attention and investments are dedicated to implement the distinctive competency of effective manufacturing and materials management. More in details, the effective manufacturing and materials management consist in adopting high computer technology for product design and development, machine design and mold design. Technology enables Cooper to produce high quality products speedy than most of its com petitors and therefore adds much value to its products.Cooper are characterised by its shared norms and values attained from employee quality and innovation (TQM) with employee recruitment tests for team players and communicators undertaken by Cooper. This has been reflected in its organisational culture. As a result value is added as competitive advantage is attained because it is difficult to imitate staff operations and efficiencies in decision-making, which is reflected in its Source Award for its quality.Company No. of Employees Estimated Capacity (units per day) Output per employeeGoodyear 22830 366900 16.07Michelin 17505 216000 12.34Bridgestone 9145 129900 14.20Cooper 4300 126000 29.30Continental/General 4509 87600 19.42

What You Eat Is Your Business Radley Balko Summary

In his article What You Eat Is Your Business, Radley Balko argues that the way the government is expenditure a lot of m aney for anti obesity measure is the wrong way to prevent obesity. Balko suggests that the people need to responsibility on their cause wellness matter. He thinks the best way to slow down the public health is to include obesity in our private matter, which means having people pay for their own medical needs because he believes that it would force people to face the consequences and to make them more responsible.I agree with Balkos position because people tend to be less(prenominal) responsible for them when they are not the one paying for their prices, but what they dont know, is soon they will be paying the price no one can offer to help. Balko stated at the end of his article, Well all make better choices about diet, exercise, and personal health when someone else isnt paying for the consequences of those choices. I strongly agree with Balko because I do also believe that the only way to make to make people make better choices about their health is when someone isnt paying for their consequences. My experience with this, people I know who are not under their parents insurance, they tend to watch what they eat and exercise passing(a) to stay healthy. They know if something was to go wrong, they will have to pay their medical bills out of their own pocket. Those who I know that do have insurances, tend to incautious of what they do and eat, because they someone else is paying for your consequences.

Family Members’ Perceptions of the Quality of Long-Term Care Essay

This is a journal study that primarily assesses the different reactions of several family members towards the long-term dispense given to patients through special health care cases. In terms of social healthcare matters, this journal aims to show how much the nursing practice works for the patients in a long span of time. finished scaling the process itself along with the measurement of the competence of the nurses working with the program, the implications of the long-term care applications has been examined well by the authors of the research. The methodology that has been used made this research a primary validated account for further studies in connection with nursing practices.IT is through this journal that the researchers were able to point out the role of nurses in the hostel as well as within families who are caring for sick members. The ease that is brought about by the long-term care programs handed in renovation by nurses serves much on the part of the family ties of the individuals directly affected by the application of the said medical process. Undeniably, it is through this process that the nursing practice is further proven both effective and efficient in implying social growth among families through health.

Nishma

When we meet real disaster in life, we plunder react in two ways-either by losing hope and falling into self destructive habits or by using the challenge to find our inner strengths- Dali Lama. I have professed and encountered many an(prenominal) tragedies in my life and are going share the trials and tribulations that I have endured and how life has made me a stronger Individual today.The point of this story Is non to turn those who have witness tragedies as well or frustrate those who are going through something UT to show that anyone quite a little come out stronger through tragedies theyve witnessed, instead of faltering into a distressful state of mind. My story begins at just the age of 8, we Just had moved to a South Texas town, Counted, this town had almost 2,000 to 3,000 people residing in It. My parents had decided this was the perfect place to raise me and my brother who Is two old age older than me.I TLD understand much then, but from what I can remember the only problems I had was what flavor of Ice cream I wanted when my father took me to the ice cream shop and which Disney Handel show was on. But then, as I thought things were Just fine, On one summer night I heard noises in my parents bedroom and I overheard my favorite hero hollo in the bedroom and saying he needed to tell us something terrible had happened. As he sat me down on his lap and told me that grandfather had passed away. My grandfather had been diagnosed with lung cancer shortly afterward he came from India to America too visit us.My father had to take him back to India when they found out he diagnosed. I sat there not understanding what had happened and hearing my ere in tears for the first time. It was one of first of many forms of tragedy I have had to witness as I thought nothing could shake my father but at this moment I realized I was wrong and got scared, this moment had changed my safe and sound perspective on anything can happen at any moment. But what really st ood out to me was my fathers ability to go through the tough times and intellect be strong for everyone else. This tragedy I witnessed taught me how to be strong and not to take things or people for granted.I was sufficient to be an emotional support for my parents. Tragedies can come n several deferent ways in different parts of our lives. In relation to this I witnessed my father face his second tragedy in life, his pride and Joy was his business but, in 2001 when the markets slowed, the hotel my father owned, which was about a 12 room property, slowed down to a point where he could not afford to keep it open anymore. We had days we TLD have electricity, and It got so bad that my dad to give up his car too. After about two years of hoping it would regain business, it bakshis us to a disappointment.My dad had given up, had to give the hotel up to the bank. This was something that he had to face head-on and decided to go back to work out again. Though his pride and Joy were lost , he developed a sense of motivation which would bring him back to one day owning a business again. I didnt really understand the direct impact on my life. This is an example of a tragedy that I witnessed and was able to checker that though you might fall, you always have to get back up stronger and even more motivated then you were before. Later at the age of 14, I witnessed disfavor towards my mother because of her disability.My mother was diagnosed pure(a) bipolar disorder along with chronic schizophrenia. She had unpredictable days of outburst of anger, frustration, along violent actions. But she had days when she would be completely normal. As a family we felt completely helpless at times. Most of my moms side of the family were not there to support us and ignored the situation. In the community that my parents and I lived, originally Indo-Asian, did not accept people with disabilities, and were often times excluded in events, gatherings and have caused them to lose their J obs.Being witness to this type of scenario and the idea that we as a society designate time has improved our backwards way of thinking has caused me to rethink how far we have actually come and how far we still need to go. As a observer, I was in disbelief that people be the way they were to my mother who has one of the most open minded and honest soul. Some of the verbal oral communication that was thrown at her as I heard as a child left me with a bitter taste and sometimes vivid scenes from the past. The taunts such as shes crazy and she needs to be sent to a mental hospitals.Tragedies can not only effect the primary individual but the individuals around them, as I was an example in this case being Judged as my mom. I now am able to voice to injustice for my mom. I have been able to help provide my mom and much more acceptable environment and give her that happiness she deserves. Her condition has given me the motivation to show people that in spite of her health she was able to raise a responsible daughter. Misfortunes that have been overcome can be described as triumphs.A primary example of this can be said about my father going through his fife with a several different tragedies, but following every tragedy, he has made it to overcome those and created triumphs. For example, after he lost his business he had to start from the bottom of the hotel industry. As I witnessed him move from one Job to another I saw him learn from every opportunity he had and then carried that up the ladder. Triumphs can be created through small or big tonicitys following tragedies. Being a witness to tragedies can really set yourself up to realize that you have them in your own life too and those triumphs keeps you going.In my life I have seen my quintessence go through many obstacles that were tragedies too me. Being a witness to huge life events of the closest people in your life can lead to many lessons and those lessons can teach you how to work through your own traged ies. In conclusion I have witness many tragedies and I have alike witness many triumphs, The examples I have given above about my grandfather passing away, about my father losing his business and having to get through the problems of prejudice with my mom and the community we lived in, shows that tragedies can be overcome despite the obstacles.I eave witnessed many triumphs watching my father having his through the hotel industry, in his career and his personal life. Every step he took to get to the triumph was another step forward . Lets all about having building blocks and overcoming obstacles to get there. Being a witness to these, personally, has made me a stronger, thriving and motivated individual. Its all about learning through other peoples problems or learn how to deal with them when I have my own. Today, I have built my foundation from overcoming these problems, and has made me understanding and a responsible person.

Bus 557 Assignment Essay

morality behavioral aspect of story is a special argona of accounting that is developed to address such aspect of humanity information processing behavior, judgment quality, accounting problems created by users and providers of accounting information as well as their decision making skills. Secondly, paper will see the organization, the accounting ethical fall apart and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach. Thirdly, this paper will determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how precaution failed to create an ethical environment.In some cases, some confederacy pledged its confess stock to en sure enough that partnerships would be able to borrow money. And when Enron stock started plummeting, the consentaneous thing fell apart. Fourthly, this paper will analyze the accounts impacted and or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the stemma operation. They operated as the masterminds behind the system to gyp investor s. The banks, by offering fake, illegal and not approved by regulators deals, played a significant role in helping Enron falsify company monetary statements and address investors.Fin bothy, the paper will discuss as a CFO which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be employ in the future. low gear of all, there should be analysis of culture within the organization including norms of behavior, standards of conduct, values, perspective of attitudes, perceptions, there seems to be pressure to commit misconduct, communications, risks and vulnerabilities critique of Accounting Ethics foliate 3Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, assess whether or not you believe that the reliable business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. Provide support for your answer. Ethics behavioral aspect of accounting is a special area of accounting that is developed to address such aspect of human infor mation processing behavior, judgment quality, accounting problems created by users and providers of accounting information as well as their decision making skills (Ponema, 2009).Existing businesses and regulatory environment is more conductive behavior because some companies and managers feel as though they can get remote with it. The unpredictable summation and collapse of the Enron Company fixed off a long-burning fire under the American social conscience. From every crevasse and corner, voices rose demanding increased accountability, demanding tighter regulation, and demanding that the unethical be brought to justice.Clearly, in such estimation, those at fault should have been punished business. Many transformations in the business environment have taken place, including immoral conducts and the style for corruption. Unethical accounting behavior is also included as a consequence. (Sims, 1992). So the government has been forced to increase regulations and inspect actions take n in business, near especially after the Enron, Tyco, WorldCom and different unethical accounting scandals.As a result of the mentioned scandals, the government then passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 providing regulatory requirements for better clearcutness in business action, accountability and assurance of ethical accounting behavior by publicly held companies and accounting firms. According to White (2000), the total number of boards of directors who set ethical codes of conduct within organizations has increased from 41 percent in 1991 to 78 percent.Review of Accounting Ethics Page 4 According to the argue Street Journal about 79 percent of youth in the United States do not believe in the presence of moral principles in business. There should be a business foundation, especially in accounting which should provide society with adequate information about companies and industry. Accounting is more and more confused in consulting, so it requires high ethical standards to bu ilt trust between clients and companies (White, 2000). raze if society does not believe in the honesty in any business, I think that morals and ethical behavior are very high priorities for companies today and this is proofed by the increasing number of companies shortly applying ethical codes of conducts. Codes of ethics are arrangements that are frequently used as a force to promote ethical behavior. There are many shipway that a business could operate ethically. They can impose legal actions and fines. This could then remove destruction to any firms reputation, and protect and / or increase the capital of any shareholder.Paying special attention to Shareholder value, cost control, creating a competitive advantage and avoiding internal corruption would also be a help. A firms unethical behavior could also contribute to the organizations productivity level being lower over time. Because of all these aspects I believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more co nducive to ethical behavior. Based on your research, describe the organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach.Enron Corp. was an energy company born from a mildly innovative 1985 deal that combined two boring businesses an Omaha-based natural-gas-pipeline company named InterNorth and a similar Texas company called Houston Natural Gas. Instead of just delivering gas to customers at a modest profit, Enron decided to use newly deregulated pipelines to match other buyers and Review of Accounting Ethics Page 5 sellers in the energy industry.Enron became a gas trader, which would be much more exciting than just create pipes and transporting gas. Moreover, Enron was managing its own employee pension funds. This should not happen because it allowed the company to use these funds for the advantage of the company only, without taking care of their employees. Besides, Enron should have a code of ethics that prohibits managers and ex ecutives from being involved in another(prenominal) business entity that does business with their own company.Usually, codes of ethics are voluntary, but the board of directors should set them up as the consequential restriction of company. According to the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics (2002), legal and regulatory mental synthesiss would trigger Enrons bankruptcy. Initially, Arthur Andersen LLP would provide consulting and the audited reporting services noting the financial results of their consulting activities. This occurred because it was allowed by current law and regulations imposed by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC).I see this as fault of within the legal structure and an evident conflict of interest. Additionally, another conflict of interest occurred in Enron by hiring and paying its own auditors. It is understandable that the auditors did not issue an adverse report on the company that was paying them. The conclusion coming from this situation is that priv ate companies should not be allowed to pay for their own auditors.. Moreover, Enron would also expand into other business areas, including water, fiber optics, newsprint, and telecommunications (Halbert T & Ingulli, E. (2009).Legal structure permits managers to enter these arrangements, which constitute a conflict of interest. The managers and executives should take care of the best interest of the company and its shareholders because the law leaves them with freedom, to choose what it is the best interest of the company. There are no doubts that Enrons officers did not act within the scope of their Review of Accounting Ethics Page 6 authorities.A few days onwards the outstanding loss of Enron was made public, workers who audited the company books for Arthur Andersen had been given an extraordinary directive to damage all audit material, except for the most basic work papers. Even if, there are no rules for how long company should keep its documents, it was illegal. (Halbert T. & Ingulli, E. (2009). Determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create an ethical environment. Enron wad is a classic example of organizational-level corruption.Halbert T & Ingulli E. (2009). Enron debacle is not just the story of a company that failed it is the story of a system that failed. And the system didnt fail through carelessness or laziness it was corrupted. According to Report of Investigation by the Special Investigative Committee of the Board of Directors of Enron Corp (2002), Enron employees involved in the partnerships were enriched, in the aggregate, by tens of millions of dollars they should never have receivedFarrow by at least $30 million, Hooper by at least $10 million, two others by $1 million each.Any of these employees, except Farrow, did not obtain the permission required by Enrons Code of Conduct of transaction Affairs to own interest in the partnerships. Moreover, many Enron transactions were designed to accom plish favorable financial statement results. These examples show that Enrons officers put their own interest ahead of their obligations to Enron. The company allowed chief financial officer Farrow to set up partnerships that enabled Enron to report pretty much whatever numbers it necessary to keep Wall Street happy. In some cases, the company pledged its own stock to ensure that partnerships would be able to borrow money.And when Enron stock started plummeting, the consentient thing fell apart. (Farrow made off with millions of dollars for himself, but his depredations played no significant role in Enrons fall. ) . When Review of Accounting Ethics Page 7 forensic accountants finally got a look at Enrons books in late 2001, they discovered that the company had been reporting incorrect numbers for at least five years.Analyze the accounts impacted and / or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation. Perhaps Enron could have been somewhat success ful by pronged out into the commodities business creating an international, privatized water market. Enrons leaders in 1998 set up a subsidiary called Azurix with a major water concession in England, but British regulators cut the firms rates-and Enrons style was significantly cramped. Azurixs expansion into Brazil also worked out badly callable to local politics. Enron hid the mounting debts in an off-the-balance-sheet partnership.This became a common Enron technique and led to the kind of debt load that became unsustainable when investors lost confidence in Enrons numbers (Snider, 2006), fit to Snider (2006), Farrow, the former Enron chief financial officer, said that Enrons banks played important role in the corporation fraud. They operated as the masterminds behind the system to defraud investors. The banks, by offering fake, illegal and not approved by regulators deals, played a significant role in helping Enron falsify company financial statements and mislead investors.It w as the banks that instructed Enron how to deal with the companys significant financial challenges. If stated, dividend targets could not be met by Enron, and the company would have had to generate more cash flow to keep an eye on its credit ratings. The banks assisted to design the fake and deceptive deals. The banks helped Enron to hide the debt which was not showing up on the books by replacing bad assets through instauration shell companies. These shell companies, run by Enron executives who profited richly from them, allowed Enron to keep hundreds of millions of dollars in debt off its books.Also, loan transactions were reported as cash flow kinda of debt. These finances were not shown in the financial statements. Review of Accounting Ethics Page 8 This action would lead the companys stock and vitiated most of investors across the country (Halbert T. & Ingulli, E. (2009). As a CFO, recommend which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each mea sure should be implemented in the future.Enron was liable for the action of its agents and employees, because most taken actions, which lead Enron into bankruptcy, were taken inside the corporation. Enron officers and managers repaid the banks by access to special deals premium payments and insider access to future unspoilt transactions (Maximizing transaction Performance, 2007). In order to avoid situation that took place in Enron Corp. there are some actions that should be taken within an organization.First of all, there should be analysis of culture within the organization including norms of behavior, standards of conduct, values, perspective of attitudes, perceptions, pressures to commit misconduct, communications, risks and vulnerabilities. The Code of Ethics should be complied by Board Members and Senior Executives as well as by all employees. Measures they recommend should include staff training, evaluations of compliance systems, appropriate funding and staffing of the cor porate ethics office. An organization has to make sure that consulting and auditing are separated while financing auditing has its independence with integrity.Moreover, managing proper communication regarding expectations, requirements, goals and roles at all levels is significant to constitute ethical behavior within an organization. Establishing an Ethics Committee helps to focus on ethical conduct and empower employees to make decisions according to organizations values. Enron and other corporations need better financial manifestation mechanisms. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, prudent for rule making in the area, has to create regulations and standards that are more Review of Accounting Ethics Page 9 away right and understandable to ordinary people.In addition, corporations need more responsible public servants, instead of creating more laws. We need to teach people to be responsible for what they have done, just as we have held the business people to accountability . Conclusion Since the objective of accounting is to provide relevant, timely information for user decision making, therefore, Accountants must(prenominal) behave in an ethical manner so that the information they provide will be trustworthy and, thus, useful for decision making.The purpose of ethics in accounting is to direct accountants to abide by the code of conduct that facilitates and encourage public confidence in their services. Ethics are moral principles that guide the conduct of individuals but unfortunately, some accountants sometimes behave in an unethical manner. These ethical violations led to fines, firings, and lawsuits. In some cases, accountants were criminally prosecuted, convicted, and sent to prison. References Snider, D. (2006, September 26). University of California, San Francisco. UC Says Farrow regard Banks in Enron Fraud.Retrieved April 27, 2013 from http//ucsf. edu/ stories/uc-says-farrow-implicated-banks-in-enron-fraud Halbert T & Ingulli, E. (2009). La w & Ethics in the Business Environment 2010 custom edition (6th ed. ). Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning White J. (2000). Ethics in Business. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from http//www. pro2net. com Sims, R. R. (1992). Journal of Business Ethics, 11 651662. Committee of the Board of Directors of Enron Corp. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from http//fl1. findlaw. com/news. findlaw. com/wp/docs/enron/specinv020102rpt1. pdf

Discrimination in fairytales

What do you hazard more or less faytales? Do you think about a pretty little princess waiting for her prince or a dark sensual macrocosm of make-believe that revolves around violence? I seriously doubt its the latter. This is because fairytales have drastically changed over the centuries. The current versions we know today were preceded by a much darker kind of story, one that compete heavily on the thinkers of superstition, the devil and violence. Genders werent as heavily criticised. Heroines used to save themselves and others withal, normally with brains or charm opposed to brawn. yet at least they were trying.An face of this could be Sleeping Beauty, Perraults version, where the Princess saves herself and her two children from her husbands evil stepmother, by prep argondness a goat instead of one of the children as the ogress requested. Her husband then comes in to save her. She played a crucial part in the story saving her children from the washstandnibalism of their fathers step-mother. Cannibalism is certainly frowned on in society, hardly is in event rattling a kinda common theme in fairytales Red riding Hood also originally included cannibalism. The Wolf left the Grandmothers blood and meat for the girl to eat. after(prenominal) she unwittingly cannibalises her grandmother, she sometimes strips for the skirt chaser and gets into bed with it. He then either eats her or ties her to a piece of string. She usually escapes using her own cunning. This is sort of different from the grandma-loving biscuit-carrying Red Riding Hood of today. It real comes across as a story more than about child molesting, or at the very least, lust. The story is sometimes seen as a parable of depend uponual awakening. The red cloak symbolises the blood of the current cycle or the hymen, although earlier versions of the tale do not state the cloak is red.The anthropomorphic wolf can symbolise a get it onr, a seducer, a rapist, or a molester. This is clear ly a alternatively different call for on the Red Riding Hood than were used to. It seems to be a quite a mature disturbing tale. I dont think its necessarily something we would want our children exposed to. But that was how they were originally written. At least until they were bowdlerised by the Grimm brothers. Fairy stories were originally gothic tales and scary stories about what might come and take you in the night they were cold removed from the Disney classics.The Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm, were born in Germany in the late 18th century. In an effort to preserve Germanys herit jump on and promote cultural unity, they collected a vast array of clan and fairy tales from their fellow Germans-mostly middle- and upper-class friends. Although their original intent was to preserve the stories exactly as told, one cut off led to another, and soon they had given the stories a literary style and released them as Kinder- und Hausmirchen (Childrens and Household Tales. )Becau se their incourseed listening included children, the Grimms selectively bowdlerised the tales they published, notably removing evil mothers and replacing them with step-mothers (as in the case of Snow White), and removing implications of sex and pregnancy (as in Rapunzel). However, because standards of child-friendliness have shifted in the past 200 years, some of the Grimms stories ar now considered family incompatible and the deaths written in them are considered to be shockingly violent. This was not the view at the time.So basically they took a fornicating girl in a tower, and turned her into a damsel in distress. This was not quite the homogeneous idea. This gave rise to the dependent needy princesses and maidens that feature so heavily in todays fairytales. These are images that belittle everything that women fight and give their lives to achieve. And ironically it is the past stories that show less anti-feminism even though muckle were actually more sexist in that per iod. At least those women had some self-respect and the ability to plot, and in old cases, use weapons.The light-haired assort of women in modern fairytales is unparalleled. From a young age, its almost as if we are being trained to indulge in the ideals of vanity and sexual dependence. Well excuse me but Id rather not. It seems to me that this is the start of young girls urge and desperation for the carriage this is something that many women will diet and exercise to achieve. Although as girls age they graduate off pretty princesses and onto fashion icons and models. Im completely against this idea, partly because Im a perpetrator of wanting the look myself, and the fact that I will never achieve it.In other fairytales, a heroine is willingly bound by a spell, whereas a male character whitethorn be cursed because he has refused to yield something, for example shelter, in Beauty and the Beast. If the female character is cursed unwillingly, she is cursed by a malignant character that is as ugly as her personality. This is the exact opposite of the maiden who is cursed. This amplifies the idea that beauty is idyllic and sincere and ugliness is evil and unforgivable. This isnt a very good role model for children and I find this elicit because it seems to reflect our desire for beauty.However, the reality is that women are not all beautiful and if they arent, it doesnt necessarily mean that they are nasty unpleasant people. Some villains do have a sort of beauty, but this is usually a sharp-featured frightening beauty that terrifies the younger generation. A wronged women in a fairytale may take the resile of a special animal to escape an evil stepmother or an unwanted marriage. The animal they take is usually reflective of their main traits. For example a graceful and delicate woman may take the work on of a swan or a doe. These are animals that are considered to be beautiful.Their fellow animals will allow some company and will somehow help the charact er to regain what they have lost. This animalistic rule gives the character a connection to nature and separates them from society. They become wilder and less sophisticated, embracing a more instinctual kind of beauty. So characters have also gone from blonde to beast, the opposite of the current situation-where blondes prevail far more than beasts. Beastly women, however, are often considered to be connected the Devil, like wild woman who is the devils offspring.Lots of coppers-breadth or fur seems to show some relation to evil, perhaps as it isnt very attractive. This can be compared with the Elizabethan saying Bush natural more hair than wit which means that people with lots of hair or fur are supposed to be primitive, inferior, sexual and beastly. These werent exactly desirable traits either at the time or now. Nowadays there seems to be a teeming population of blondes in fairy stories. An example could be La Belle aux cheveux dor who had hair finer than gold that was marvel lously wonderfully blonde and was curly and fell to her feet.This is a rather pleasing image a beauty with long wondrously blonde hair. The story claims you couldnt look upon her without loving her. A rather amazing claim that a woman or man may right gaze upon her and find themselves desperately in love with her, whether in a sexual centering or not. This seems to be an illustration of the power possessed by mere appearances. The backchat blonde comes from the Latin blandus meaning charming. So in the past it had no implications of sex or great femininity.It also comes from the knightly Latin blundus meaning yellow, which and serves to describe the colouration not the appeal. In the 14th century, Chaucer began to use the expression blondinet or blondin, which was an affectionate diminutive. In fact it was mainly used for boys. Nowadays we dont think of boys being blonde in the same way girls are. Blonde began to become exclusively female and suggested sweetness, charm and yo uthfulness everything a young princess would desire. Only in the 30s and 40s did the word acquire hot vampirish undertones and begin to be desired almost obsessively.The word blonde symbolises femininity and beauty things that women crave beyond reason. However, the reality is that its just a hair colour and that there are women of all hair colours- black, brown, red, grey white, if you count albinos- that are as beautiful as blondes. More disturbingly perhaps, in recent years the word blonde has been yoked with dumb to depict a particular character type. Not only is the heroine nearly always blonde, but she is always young. This seems rather ageist to me and isnt the sort of idea that we would want our children brainwashed with.Do we want them to idolise the youthful and not respect that the elderly can achieve things themselves? No. They should understand from a young age that you cant use people and that OAPs are not a step of the stairway of success, as people is fairy stories o ften do. The heroine never possesses great perception and seems to get things and assistance by flicking her hair and batting her eyelashes. Wow thats very useful. I dont think that that should be something that children aspire to be like. Intelligence and knowledge are more important than beauty, and fairytales seem to miss this.So the prince can slay a dragon, but can he win a game of checker? I wouldnt count on it. It seems to me that in fairytales, only the villains seem to possess a decent IQ, as theyre the only characters that use their brains or cunning to conjure up a scheme. Heroes rely on courage. I think its almost sad that in the stories strength and beauty are idolised and seem to prevail over intelligence. This is similar today, however, if we think about how the bullies of the world act all big and tough, but arent the brightest bulbs around.They tend to pick on the weak, so in todays world that would be the geek. Rather sad, dont you think? The stereotype of a mai den in fairy stories is dependent, needy and waiting for her happily-ever after. This is not exactly an image to aspire to. after all why would a woman need a man? She could get on short well on her own. As the feminist saying goes, A women needs a man, like a fish needs a bicycle. However, I think this is a little extreme. Perhaps this dreadful stereotype of women could be remedied if half the time the women went out to save the men.Perhaps it would ruin the mens egos, but at least the women could be portrayed with a little self-respect and not a day-dreaming ditz who has the attention sweep up of a goldfish. The 90s Disney movies tried desperately to do this. Ariel, Belle and Mulan who rush to the aid of their lovers are the examples of this. I decided to frame about fairytales because there are so many issues surrounding them. I remember them with fondness from my childhood, and I would want to read them to my children and grandchildren. I think gender discrimination is a ser ious issue.Just because somebody has an X and a Y chromosome or two Xs, it doesnt mean they are any better than the other. I think feminism is a step too far in the other direction however. macrocosm co-dependent isnt necessarily a bad thing. Men need women too. Fairytales show both sides of this as well. The prince rescues his princess as he cant live without her and the maiden loves the man because well who can resist a man on a white horse? Not me They are simple stories that are debated hotly because of the context of them. Are they too violent? Are they too idealistic? Are they too perfect?Fairytales are all about love and romance. They are about good triumphing over evil in a series of incredible events. They tell us of deeds of valour and undauntedry in a time that we can only imagine. They show us how a poor little maid can fall in love and become a princess. The characters may be seriously flawed and have many issues, but they are stories. Wonderful stories. Stories that we read time and time again so that we can dream of being that brave knight or that damsel in distress. I think that my childhood would not have been the same without Chicken Licken or the Princess and the Pea.I think that even though they are unrealistic and give people impossible expectations and dreams, they are a part of our culture. To edit them, as the Grimm brothers did, would destroy a time long-forgotten. I think that they still exist today. The royalty of today is the celebrities-actors and models. We look at them and wish we were like them, just as the people of the Renaissance would have looked at a princess and thought I wish I was her Dreaming is in our nature and to change that for the sake of a few misconceptions would be unforgivable.

Goals for Chefs Essay

Goals are what shapes everyones lives to what they are. Whether it be an abundance or lack of them. Myself, I stand planned many goals so I can become who I really wish to be. Without my picayune goals to guide me along the way, who knows where I could end up in this world? Many of my goals are unsubdivided small ones like, get an A in English, perfect my cupcake recipe, or do well on the sits that add up to much larger ones such as get received to a good college and become a well known pastry chef. Well my goal of being accepted to a lovely college has already become true. In the fall I will be go to Johnson & Wales University for baking and pastry. My main goal at the moment however is to secure as much uphold as I can from people such as yourselves so it can be possible. charge though honestly Im not the type to ask for help about anything, I need it. My goals mean so much to be to become more or lessone and reach the education I need and deserve.Without it, how could anyt hing else I wish to attain with my life become possible? Without knowledge and experience, how am I supposed to compete with highly trained chefs for jobs in such a competitive industry? doctrine yourself can except get you so far. I yearn for the knowledge about not only classical but modern techniques I could never figure out all on my own. out front my goal of becoming a great pastry chef can come to be, I must satiate my wishes and goals to learn all I can. My goals to master the art of sugar sculpture, cake baking, and chocolate work. Granted yes some things I have learned already on my own such as gum bed cover manipulation and basic baking, but how would I ever learn how to create creatures out of sugar so delicate the tiniest touch could snap them? It would never be a possibility in my tiny kitchen it takes so much room in there to even bake a cake. Just basically what Im saying is this without help to reach my education the goals I plan wouldnt even matter. They would be impossible to reach.

Effects of Television on Children Essay

IntroductionThe goggle box is a powerful force in our lives as it is inevitably present in al more(prenominal) or less 100% of human race homes and in its offer of a light, relaxing entertainment is irresistible to many. Children as an audience atomic number 18 oddly vulnerable to its harmful effects. With considerably less experience with various facets of life, children atomic number 18 more prone to shoot for what television offers them for granted. This unquestioned absorption of ideas and morals oft makes children passive recipients of television ideology, so to say, which bargains undermines their ability to act on their own and turn out their own views of the world. They do not need to investigation very deep since the answers to many things lie ready-made on the surface, given in television programs.Thus, television has just virtually harmful effects on the youth, which in the first place depress autarkic psyche and military action. I agree with Gatto that mod ern children confound al close no curiosity, and what little they do have is evanescent (p.474). This give the gate be overdrawn to some extent, however, it is legitimate that television depresses curiosity in children. This passivity stems from several reasons, among some former(a)s, from the immanent passivity of the viewing process, brain-washing techniques abundant in TV programs, and effect of TV viewing on decrease in human interaction. Passivity Is Inherent in the ProcessPassivity is a characteristic property of the television viewing process, something that stems from the very disposition of this activity and shapes certain moral and mental qualities in viewers. film the very process of watching a telly as opposed to reading a book. somebody engaged in the viewing activity merely sits thither flipping through the channels, inevitably reduced to the rate of a passive chooser of a program to watch.Surely, at that place are choices, nevertheless my impression is th at most TV programs are very oft alike, and this lack of individuality pr crimsonts meaningful choice. One can for sure dig in the TV program trying to do some research and identify the broadcasts that are really worth watching, but, frankly, how many people do it on a regular basis? later clicking through three or four programs a human mind inevitably gets tires and is relaxed to watch whatsoever program seems more suitable to tastes a movie, a comedy show, or a news broadcast, very much regardless of the quality.Now compare to the process of choosing a book or a boob tube to watch. A person purchasing a book goes to either an online or bricks-and-mortar store to look up some items and make the final decision depending on the quality of the reading offered. It takes sentence, effort, and commitment of some financial resources, even out if these are small as compared to other expenses.Anyway, money and effort that go toward choosing a book are a strong incentive to make a m eaningful choice, to question oneself What will I catch from reading this stuff? Do I buy this one simply to while away the time? And this one to expand my knowledge about a certain subject? The same is neat for video rentals a person usually picks a movie since one has heard something about it, a neighbor recommends it, or the plot abstract seems gripping.TV, on the contrary, encourages passivity of choice and prevents active decisions on the leave of the viewer. It is true to say that activity on the whole is a sign of superior intelligence, whereas passivity is typical of watery minds. In this sense, television as a medium perpetuates the weakness of viewers minds, turning them into passive on-lookers rather of active participants.I can refer to my personal observation of a four-year-old niece, Maggie, watching a TV program. She is too young to know how to switch channels and thus watches whatever the adults turn on for her. In fact, she is aware of how to switch, but she of ten forgets about it or is lazy to come up to the telly to multifariousness the program. The adults need to check constantly if they have not left something inappropriate for her to watch. Television as a Medium for Brain-WashingModern children, as stated before, too often are left with television as the only medium to provide them with guidance for everyday situations. This is dangerous because here they are more probable to construct victims to brainwashing techniques that in themselves encourage passivity.Surely brain-washing can take place in other media as well such as newspapers, magazines, Internet, and the like. However, here its impact is likely to be limited by the active choice of the reader once again, people tend to go to sites they like and buy newspapers they opt over others. Books require even more conscious choice, and thus are less likely to become instruments of brain-washing. Television that is often on, providing a background for habitual home activities, c an let the message resolve in without the individual even noticing it. Besides, images that unite words with movement and color are likely to have increased emotional influence, especially upon young children.Thus, sticking in front of the TV for hours leaves children exposed to norms and value TV staff wants to plant in them. This will take away the capability to make independent judgements, moral and intellectual independence that forms the basis for any freedom. A puppet cannot be free since there is often an invisible force that pulls the cords, much in the way TV advertising and programs make us believe their messages, presenting them in an alluring way.For example, I can already see how Maggie, my niece, already begins to show traces of consumerism she is about to accept as she grows older. She watches bright ads, then trying to talk her parents into buying a certain product. She even goes as far as try to influence their choice of a car to purchase. She once desperately wan ted them to buy a Nissan because the commercial is so good.What is important to me is not that she becomes taken with a certain brand, but that she has already picked up the notion that things are very important and worth a lot of attention. This makes her more likely to spend time and effort in her adult life to gain more money and possibility to buy the desired thing. Intellectual passivity stemming from brain-washing will prevent her from questioning the assumptions she in condition(p) in her childhood.3. Television Decreases Amount of Child-to-Child InteractionsTelevision on the whole can also be called an interaction, but a very peculiar one. It evolves between the viewer and the production staff, in most general terms. The occasion of the viewer is limited, and although he or she may be intensely thinking about what is shown on the screen, the activity is relaxing because it does not call for an immediate response.On the contrary, human interaction demands from participants constant involvement and often calls for immediate action. In this sense, it is highly useful for kids as it helps them to develop their intellectual abilities, at least that part of their abilities that remains neglected by teachers and other educators interpersonal skills. Talking and playing with other kids and adults, children learn a lot about human nature, but most importantly they learn how to deal with various record types, what personality types there are, and develop strategies that will shape their interactions for the rest of their lives.Even the school environment, with its accumulation of children, is much more developing that passive sitting in a room with the telly on. A boy who faces the threat of a fight with older and stronger guys has to invent immediately what to do in order not to be beaten. Conflicts in particular stimulate a childs intellectual development as they teach one to act on the spot.Gatto states that children on average watch TV fifty-five hours a week out of 168 total. This time can surely have been used for play with other children or communication with adult relatives. Recently I paid attention to the fact that today one can see very few children moving around, running along the streets. They seem to be stuck inside their homes, and it seems that the easiest pursuits for them there are either TV or computer. This means that most probably they feel isolated from other children, except for family members such as brothers and sisters.Siblings, however, cannot provide an adequate basis for development of communication skills in kids as family communication is surely different from external interactions. Thus, in missing human communication, children can miss a chance to develop a part of their brains responsible for interpersonal skills. Human communication is perhaps the most challenging sphere of our activity that boggles representatives of such professions as managers, teachers and priests with years of experience. Thus, missing a chance to develop this sphere through lack of communication, children risk underdeveloping their overall cognitive abilities.ConclusionTelevision can clear contribute to the development of intellectual curiosity in children if it is used wisely and in reasonable doses. modern-day families often allow their children to overload themselves with the information stream from TV, which, as observations suggest, leads to intellectual passivity.Passivity stems from the very nature of the viewing process that depressed active choice involving the use of reason for decision-making. Heavy viewing leaves childrens minds open to brainwashing that can supply them with ready-made answers instead of stimulating the ability to seek for answers on their own. At the same time, replacement of direct interactions with TV watching deprives modern children of a chance to rectify their communication skills, developing their cognitive abilities through interactions with others.Gatto, J.T. Why S chools Dont Educate.

A Description of Analytic Psychology

Advanced Counselling Skills aim 4 Assignment 0ne 1. Briefly describe Analytic Psychology www. jungclub-london. org C. G. Jung Analytical Psychology Club London. Who looks right(prenominal), dreams, who looks privileged, awakens, The call psychoanalyst is currently applyd to cover all those facts and theories presented in the works of Freud, Jung, and Adler. However it is often recommended that it should be utilize only to the possibleness and practice of Freud and his disciples, and that the theory and practice of Jung should be designated Analytical Psychology, and that the theory and practice of Adler should be designated Individual Psychology.Psychoanalysis in this broader sniff out covers both a set of theories and a set of practices. Analytic psychological science is the analysis of the valet mind, psyche and the un cognizant, as well as the conscious comp 1nts of the mind. It is mentation that mans demeanour and his conscious states shtup be rebeled only by unc onscious mind(p) sources of motivation. What is public in the practice of the psychoanalyticalal schools is the use of special techniques for bringing these unconscious factors into light. The practice of psychoanalysis has gr possess out of the treatment of mental illness.In one sense, the practice of psychoanalysis is prior to the theories, since the theories first were developed from experiences from therapeutic practice. These theories brace, however, been extended and enriched by material derived from otherwise sources. Jung believed that the mind could be divided into unconscious and conscious recesss. He felt that the unconscious mind was make up of layers. The personalised unconscious is the part of the unconscious mind in which is stored each persons unique personal experiences and memories that may non be consciously remembered.Jung believed that the contents of each persons personal unconscious argon organize in calls of complexes clusters of emotional unconsciou s thoughts. One may have a complex towards their amaze or towards their partner. Jung referred to the second layer of unconsciousness as the collective unconscious. This level contains memories and demeanoural predispositions that all passel have transmittable from common ancestors in the distant human past, providing us with essentially sh bed memories and tendencies.People crosswise space and time tend to interpret and use experience in similar shipway because of archetypes universal, inherited human tendencies to perceive and act in certain ways. During analytic therapy, Jung may use certain archetypes to explain persons unconscious thoughts that in turn affect their outward behaviour. He believed that in that location argon certain archetypes that ar important in pecks lives. These archetypes be as follows. The persona archetype is the part of our constitution that we extract the world, the part that we are willing to share with others.The shadow archetype is the da rker part of a person, the part that embraces what we view as frightening, hateful and even evil close to ourselves the part of us that we hide non only from others exclusively excessively from ourselves. The anima is the feminine side of a mans constitution, which shows tenderness, caring, compassion and warmth to others, yet which is more than irrational and establish on emotions. The animus is the masculine side of a womans reputation, the more rational and pellucid side of the woman.Jung posited that men often try to hide their anima both from others and from themselves because it goes against their headlized image of what men should be. match to Jung, archetypes play a role in our interpersonal relationships. For example, the relationship amongst a man and a woman calls into play the archetypes in each individualistics collective unconscious. The anima helps the man to understand his female companion, just as the animus helps the woman to understand her male partne rs.Jung felt that the self the whole of the personality, including both conscious and unconscious elements strives for unity among the opposing parts of the personality. Jung distinguishes two differing mental attitudes to life, two ways of reacting to circumstances, which he finds so widespread that he could describe them as typical. The extraverted attitude, characterized by an outward personality, an interest in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. This type is motivated by outside factors and greatly influenced by the environment.The extraverted type is sociable and confident in unfamiliar surroundings. He or she is generally on good terms with the world, and even when disagreeing with it post still be described as related to it, for kinda of withdrawing (as the opposite type tends to do) they prefer to argue and quarrel, or try to reshape it according to their own pattern. The self-examining attitude, in contrast, is one of w ithdrawal of the personality and is concentrated upon personal factors, and their main influence is inner of necessity. When this attitude is habitual Jung speaks of an introverted type.This type lacks confidence in relation to people and things, tends to be unsociable, and prefers reflection to activity. Jung uses the term Analytical Psychology to describe his own approach, which is not only a way of healing, scarce overly of developing the personality through the individuation puzzle out. Since individuation is not the goal of all who seek psychological help he varies his treatment according to the age, state of knowledge, and temperament of his patients and does not neglect either the informal urge or the will to power. 2. What were the life stages identified by Freud ww. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud At that time, the eel life cycle was unappreciated and Freud spent four weeks at the which he frequently demonstrated with patients on stage in present of an audience F amed originator of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud created a psycho depend onual model of human festering based upon the erogenous zones of the consistence. He believed that as these zones matured neurologically, they activated the emotional world of the fry (largely resident in the unconscious), and in the course of doing so, created the basis for ulterior emotional health or mental illness in adulthood.The stages are as follows Oral Stage of Psychosexual Development (ages 0-18 months) At this stage, the infant is focused upon acquire pleasure from its mouth, especially through breastfeeding, which may be a source of satisfaction or defeat for the baby. Anal Stage of Psychosexual Development (18 months 3 1/2 geezerhood) At this stage, the young child is fixated upon its own process of eliminating faeces, experiencing pleasure in the anal regions of the body, and reacting emotionally to attempts by parents or other caregivers to harbor this physical function through toilet t raining.Phallic Stage of Psychosexual Development (3 1/2 years 6 years) At this stage, the penis or vagina is the source of erotic satisfaction for the child, and he or she fantasizes about getting pelvic pleasure with the opposite sex parent and aggressively doing away with the same sex parent (the Oedipal Crisis). Latency Stage of Psychosexual Development (6 years puberty) At this stage, the emotional surges of the previous trey stages go into hiding for a few years as the child learns how to repress, project, introject, sublimate, and in other ways channel the psychosexual energies of their earlier development.Of Psychosexual Development (puberty adulthood) At this stage, the psychosexual instincts of the first three stages of development reassert themselves at puberty, but instead of being directed toward fantasy or the childs own body, are directed Genital Stage outward toward a genuine love relationship focused on heterosexual genital sex. The conscious mind includes ev erything that we are aware of. This is the opinion of our mental processing that we enkindle think and talking about rationally.A part of this includes our memory, which is not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily at any time and brought into our sentiency. Freud called this ordinary memory the preconscious. In Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality, the conscious mind includes everything that is inside of our awareness. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about in a rational way. The conscious mind includes such things as the sensations, perceptions, memories, feeling and fantasies inside of our current awareness.Closely allied with the conscious mind is the preconscious, which includes the things that we are not thinking of at the moment but which we can easily draw into conscious awareness the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Mo st of the contents of the unconscious are unimaginable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, apprehension, or conflict. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences.In Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality, the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behaviour and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences. The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth.This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviours. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychical energy, devising it the primary component of person ality. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate merriment of all desires, wants, and needfully. If these ineluctably are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state anxiety or tension. For example, an increase in starve or thirst should produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink.The id is very important beforehand(predicate) in life, because it ensures that an infants needs are met. If the infant is hungry or uncomfortable, he or she will phone until the demands of the id are met. However, immediately indulgeing these needs is not always realistic or even possible. If we were control entirely by the pleasure principle, we skill find ourselves grabbing things we want out of other peoples hands to satisfy our own cravings. This sort of behaviour would be both disruptive and favorablely unacceptable.According to Freud, the id tries to resolve the tension created by the pleasure principle through the primary process, which involves forming a mental image of the desired object as a way of satisfying the need. The swelled head is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with candor. According to Freud, the self develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world. The swelled headtism functions in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind.The swelled head operates based on the reality principle, which strives to satisfy the ids desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways. The reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or ravage impulses. In legion(predicate) cases, the ids impulses can be satisfied through a process of delayed gratificationthe ego will eventually allow the behaviour, but only in the appropriate time and place. The ego also discharges tension created by unmet impulses through the secondary process, in which the ego tries to find an object in the real world that matches the mental image created by the ids primary process.The last component of personality to develop is the superego. The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all of our internalised moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and societyour sense of right and wrong. The superego provides guidelines for do judgments. According to Freud, the superego get offs to emerge at around age five. There are two parts of the superego The ego ideal includes the rules and standards for good behaviours. These behaviours include those, which are approved of by parental and other authority figures.Obeying these rules hunts to feelings of pride, encourage and accomplishment. The conscience includes information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and society. These behaviours are often command and lead to bad consequences, punishments or feelings of guilt and remorse. The superego acts to perfect and civilize our behaviour. It works to suppr ess all unacceptable urges of the id and struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic standards rather that upon realistic principles. The superego is present in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious.With so some(prenominal) competing forces, it is easy to see how conflict might arise between the id, ego and superego. Freud used the term ego potency to refer to the egos ability to function despite these duelling forces. A person with good ego strength is able to effectively manage these pressures, while those with too much or too little ego strength can become too unyielding or too disrupting. According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a balance between the id, the ego, and the superego. The term got its start in psychoanalytic therapy, but it has slowly worked its way into everyday language.Think of the last time you referred to somewhatone as being in self-control or accused someone of rationalizing. Both of these examples refer to a type of defense mechan ism. In Sigmund Freuds topographical model of personality, the ego is the aspect of personality that deals with reality. While doing this, the ego also has to cope with the conflicting demands of the id and the superego. The id seeks to conform to all wants, needs and impulses while the superego tries to get the ego to actin an idealistic and moral manner.What happens when the ego cannot deal with the demands of our desires, the constraints of reality and our own moral standards? According to Freud, anxiety is an unpleasant inner state that people seek to avoid. disquiet acts as a signal to the ego that things are not going right. Frued identified three types of anxietyNeurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the ids urges, resulting in punishment for contradictory behavior. Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this anxiety is usually easily identified.For example, a person might fear receiving a dog bite when they are near a m enacing dog. The nearly common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening object. Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own moral principles. In order to deal with this anxiety, Freud believed that defense mechanisms helped shield the ego from the conflicts created by the id, superego and reality. 3. what factors determine a persons behaviour according to watson Behaviourism holds that the subject matter of human psychology is the behaviour of the human being.Behaviourism claims that consciousness is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviourist holds, further, that belief in the existence of consciousness goes linchpin to the ancient days of superstition and magic. The great mass of people even today has not yet progressed very far away from savagery it wants to believe in magic. Almost every era has its new magic, black or white, and its new magician. Moses had his magic he smote the rock and water gushed out. Christ had his magic he turned water into wine and raised the lifeless to life. Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through instruct. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in asystematic and unmistakable manner with no consideration of internal mental states. There are two major types of conditioningClassical conditioning is a technique used in behavioural training in which a by nature occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Next, a previously apathetic stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus.Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operative conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Behaviourism holds that only observable behaviours should be studied, as cognition and mood are too subjective.According to behaviourist theory, our responses to environmental stimuli shape our behaviours. cardinal concepts such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and reinforcement have arisen from behaviourism. In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives, while classical conditioning involves no such enticements. Also remember that classical conditioning is static on the part of the learner, while operant conditioning requires the learner to actively participate and perform some type of action in order to be rewarded or punished. . list 6 examples of metaneeds and metapathologies www. oaks. nvg. org/abraham-maslow. html Metaneeds and metapathologies. some other way that Ma slow approaches the problem of self-actualization is to talk about special, driving needs The basic psychological needs are the instinctive needs for the self-respect and self-esteem which provide the conditions for psychological growth and full personality development. The most urgent or prepotent is the need for freedom from fear and anxiety i. . the need for safety or security. guarantor needs which includes the need to strive for perfection or ideals is communicated through loving care and affection of monotonous love i. e. the need for belongingness. The sense of belongingness is the basis for approval of ones identity and expectations for oneself faith in oneself as self-respect or self-esteem i. e. the ego needs. Gratification of ego needs establishes a natural condition of self-identityor healthy ego.The healthy ego involves a high evaluation of the self based on faith in ones potentialities, recognition and cargo area of ones personal achievements, competence and confid ence in the sense of importance of ones status. This basic sense of worthiness leads to the sense of purpose self-directedness or self-discipline which is prerequisite to spiritual growth of complete personality development of maturity i. e. self-actualisation. Self-actualisation is mature growth which involves the harmonising of psychic forces i. . growth motivation. Metaneeds are human motivations for spiritual growth of the human organism as a social organism subconscious needs for awareness of human values for living social values or human valuesMetaneeds are instinctive needs of the human organism as a social organism which depends for pick on human solidarity and social cooperation. Metaneeds are the survival needs of creative socialisation the higher psychological needs for personality integration.The metaneeds are the so-called higher spiritual needs the Being needs (B-needs) for self-transcendence the needs for truth, morality, goodness, beauty, perfection, justice, k indness, happiness, serenity, wisdom, love simplicity, lawfulness, and ego-transcendance etcetera The metaneeds are equally urgent or potent and each can be defined in terms of the others. In the process of normal psychological growth the subconscious B-needs rise to the conscious level of awareness as the human values for living the social values i. e. Being-values or B-values i. e. human values.In the transcendental realm, the being needs become the being-values. They are just as biologically based as are the so-called frown needs the obviously physiological needs of hunger and thirst. The transcendant, religious, esthetic, and philosophical facets of life are as real and ingrained to human nature as any other biological needs. Each of the human values represents a different facet of the development of moral conciousness or conscience. As the source of human values the functions to advance the integration of personality while adapting to swaps in the socal environment.Devel opment of conscience depends on gratification of metaneeds in a process of spiritual growth. Psychologist Abraham Maslow (1954) stated that human motivation is based on people seeking fulfilment and change through personal growth. Maslow described self-actualized people as those who were fulfilled and doing all they were capable of. By instructioning people he considered to be self-actualised (including Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein and William James). Maslow identified 15 characteristics of a self-actualised person (illustrated as a pyramide).For example enjoyment of new experiences, sense of humour, close friendships, creativity etc. It is not necessary to peril all 15 characteristics to become self-actualised, and not only self-actualised people will display them. Maslow did not tally self-actualisation with perfection. Self-actualisation merely involves achieving ones potential. Thus someone can be silly, wasteful, vain and impolite, and still self-actualise. Less than one portion of the population achieve self-actualisation. The hierarchy of needs include Biological and Physiological needs air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.Safety needs certificate from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. Belongingness and Love needs work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. Esteem needs self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. Self-Actualisation needs realising personal potential, self-fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. 5. Describe the theories of Carl Rogers. How do you think his work is applicable to the counselling you will undertake with your leaf nodes? www. simplypsychology. org/carl-rogers. tml Carl Rogers believed that humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to Central to Rogers personality theory is the notion of self or Self-Concept Theory of Personality Development Rogers therapy was an extension of his theory of personality development and was known as client-centred therapy, since the basis of the therapy was designed around the client. According to Rogers each person has in spite of appearance them the inherent tendency to continue to grow and develop. As a result of this the individuals self-esteem and self-actualisation is continually influenced.This development can only be achieved through what Rogers refers to as unconditional unconditional regard. In order for an individual to experience total self-actualisation the therapist must express complete acceptance of the patient. Rogers demonstrate that this was best achieved through the method of reflection, in which the therapist continually restates what the patient has said in an attempt to show complete acceptance and to allow the patient to complete any disconfirming feelings that they may be feeling. throughout the counselling session the therapist may make small interruptive remarks in order to help detect cert ain factors.For the most part the patient is allowed to direct the course of the session. Rogers began to use the expression client instead of patient due to the fact that the individuals that he was counselling did need help but not deep down the same regard that a medically ill person does. These individuals do not need to all in all surrender themselves to a medical expert although they do need help. Today throughout the field of psychology it is a worldwide practice to address the individual as a client instead of a patient.Eventually throughout its development Rogers theory began to be known as people-centred due to its expansion beyond mental hygiene to such areas as education, marriage, leadership, parent-child relationships, and the development of professional standards. Within each branch that Rogers theory expanded to there were several basic elements that were applied to each. They were as follows The individual comes for help. This is the most significant step within t he move of therapy. The individual has taken it upon himself to take the first step for help even if he does not recognize this as the reason hes there.The helping situation is defined. The client is made aware that the counsellor does not have the answers, but that with assistance he can, work out his own solutions to his problems. . The counsellor encourages free expression of feelings in regard to the problem. The counsellor provides the client with a friendly, interested, and receptive attitude, which helps to bring about free expression. The counsellor accepts, recognizes, and clarifies forbid feelings. Whatever the negative feelings are the counsellor must say and do things, which helps the client recognize the negative feelings at hand.When the individuals negative feelings have been expressed they are followed by expressions of positive impulses, which make for growth. The counsellor accepts and recognizes the positive feelings in the same manner as the negative feelings. There is insight, understanding of the self, and acceptance of the self on with possible courses of actions. This is the next important aspect because it allows for new levels. Then comes the step of positive action on with the decreasing the need for help. When I am counselling I would use the following teniques Active listen as a listener I would show much interest.As the listener I would reflect back to the client and only speak to find out if what they said has been correctly heard and understood. I would take care my Body language and take into account my facial expressions, angle of my body, proximity of myself to another, placement of arms and legs. I need to monitor the tone of your voice in the same way that I monitor my body language. I believe that Carl Rogers core conditions I would use such as Empathic understanding I feel this is important when counselling to make sure the client are simply understood not evaluated, not judged, simply understood from their own po int of view.As the facilitator I am real person, being what I say I am, entering into a relationship with the client without presenting a front or a facade, the client is much more likely to be effective. Being real and genuine. This actor that feelings that the client is experiencing are available, available to their awareness that I am able to live these feelings, be them, and able to communicate if appropriate. It means coming into a direct personal encounter with the client, meeting the client on a one-on-one basis.Like Carl Rogers I believe that client centred therapy is for me because it is a non-directive approach is very appealing on the face of it to many clients, because they get to keep control over the content and pace of the therapy. It is intended to serve them, after all. The therapist isnt evaluating them in any way or trying to figure them out. 6. How is alliance theory applicable to counselling? Briefly describe the strange situation test and its importance in attachment theory www. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Attachment_theory Attachment theory describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans. Its most important tenet is that an infant needs to develop a relationship The relationship between a counselor and client is the feelings and attitudes that a client and therapist have towards one another, and the manner in which those feelings and attitudes are expressedThe relationship may be thought of in three parts transference/countertransference, working alliance, and the real- or personal-relationship.Another theory about the function of the advocate relationship is known as the secure-base hypothesis, which is related to attachment theory. This hypothesis proposes that the counselor acts as a secure-base from which clients can search and then check in with. Secure attachment to ones counselor and secure attachment in general have been found to be related to client exploration. Insecure attachment styles have been found to be rel ated to less session depth than securely attached clients. The professional boundary defines the termination and limitations of the relationship with your client.It preserves your clients confidentiality and creates a safe space for your client to reveal and explore personal issues. Boundaries are signified by the temporal and spatial routines of the counseling process regular day of the month times, unvarying length of sessions and a dedicated counseling room. Attachment theory describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans. Its most important tenet is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally.Attachment theory is an interdisciplinary study encompassing the fields of psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory. Immediately after WWII, homeless and orphaned children presented many difficulties, and psychiatrist and psychoanalyst crapper Bowlby was asked by th e UN to write a pamphlet on the matter. Later he went on to formulate attachment theory. Infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in social interactions with them, and who remain as consistent caregivers for some months during the period from about six months to two years of age.When an infant begins to crawl and walk they begin to use attachment figures (familiar people) as a secure base to explore from and return to. Parental responses lead to the development of patterns of attachment these, in turn, lead to internal working models which will guide the individuals perceptions, emotions, thoughts and expectations in later relationships. Separation anxiety or grief following the loss of an attachment figure is considered to be a normal and adaptive response for an attached infant. These behaviours may have evolved because they increase the probability of survival of the child.